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'''Howard University '''&nbsp;is a federally chartered, non-profit&nbsp;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_university private],&nbsp;<font color="#0b0080">coeduc</font><font color="#0b0080">ational</font>, private&nbsp;<font color="#0b0080">nonsectari</font><font color="#0b0080">an</font>, co-educational and historically &nbsp;<font color="#0b0080">hist</font><font color="#0b0080">orically black </font>&nbsp;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University university ]&nbsp;located in &nbsp;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. Washington, D.C.],&nbsp;<font color="#0b0080">United S</font><font color="#0b0080">tates</font>. It has a &nbsp;<font color="#0b0080">Carnegie Classification Cl</font><font color="#0b0080">assification of Institutions of Higher Education </font>&nbsp;status of RU/H: Research Universities, which signifies (high research activity).

The President From its outset it has been&nbsp;<font color="#0b0080">nonsect</font><font color="#0b0080">arian</font>&nbsp;and open to people of Howard University is Drboth sexes and all races. Sidney A. Ribeau&nbsp;In addition to the undergraduate program, and the Dean Howard has graduate schools of the Business School is Barron H. Harveybusiness, pharmacy, Ph.D. Dr Harveylaw, who is a member of the National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE) and is a major advocate for the innovationsocial work, entrepreneurshipmedicine, dentistry and commercialization programs at Howarddivinity.

As a comprehensive, research-oriented university, Howard’s mission is to provide a high quality educational experience at a reasonable cost to people of both genders = Student Innovation and all races. In addition to the undergraduate program, Howard has several graduate schools and colleges. Howard’s business school facilitates several entrepreneurship programs and competitions, while several technology based initiatives are managed by the science schools and colleges.Entrepreneurship<br/> =

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) affiliated businesses are encouraged by <span class="font_9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; background-position: 0px 0px;">Engineers Without Borders-Howard to conduct their Federal Research/Research and Development (R/R&D) activities at HNF. Student involvement University is encouraged either through individual projects or partnerships with faculty and HNF corporate clients. This model a student chapter of a “shared research lab facility” represents a cultural shift, especially for typically sheltered corporate researchEngineers Without Borders-USA. Paradoxically, scarce and increasingly competitive research grants and high equipment costs are barriers that have been fostering this collaborative cultureIt was founded in spring 2007. Even soSince its establishment, hiccups remain. Despite being EWB-HU has participated in operation for decadesthree projects: Brazil, Panama, El Salvador, the lab and Kenya. The organization supports community- just like many others around the country - is not yet self-sustainingdriven development programs worldwide by collaborating with local partners to design and implement sustainable engineering projects, while creating transformative experiences and responsible leaders.</span>

Below is an enumeration of Howard University programs and initiatives that support the five buckets in the NACIE sponsored university commitment letter<span class="font_9" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'open sans', sans-serif; background-position: 0px 0px;">​</span>

'''''<u>Student Entrepreneurship<You can check out more on Engineers Without Borders Howard Chapter [http:/u>'''''/howardinkenya.wordpress.com/ here].&nbsp;

'''The Entrepreneurship, Leadership and Innovation Institute''' (ELI) was thus created, with matching support from Howard University and other partners. ELI seeks to provide the skills, tools and orientation required for entrepreneurial development and success in the African-==== <u>American and minority communities with particular emphasis on providing educational opportunities for all stakeholders. The ELI’s Executive Director is Ms. Johnetta Boseman Hardy, and she has oversight of the following initiatives:Marketing Association</u> ====

*'''Entrepreneurship at Howard''' actively counsels and mentors students with ideas for new businesses, or seeking assistance in improving their business model*Each month, the ELI Institute features a student start-up at Howard University<ul span style="listcolor: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-styleserif; line-typeheight:circle19.200000762939453px;"><li>Featured start-ups The American Marketing Association (AMA) is the professional association for individuals and organizations who are ventures that are innovativeleading the practice, have participated in the bi-weekly '''''BlackMarketplace'''''teaching, or have had considerable growth in clienteleand development of marketing worldwide.&nbsp;Through relevant information, salescomprehensive education and targeted networking, or visibility on-campus or the AMA assists marketers in the Washingtondeepening their marketing expertise, elevating their careers and ultimately, DC Metropolitan Area</li>achieving better results.</ulspan>

*'''Black Market Place''' showcases businesses owned by Howard students, alumni, faculty, and staff*'''Entrepreneur of the Year''' is an ELI Institute award given to prominent and exceptional on-campus entrepreneurs. The award recognizes Howard students who have built impactful and worthwhile business ventures, excelled in academics, and exhibited a meaningful dedication to the community at-large through service.*'<u>''Annual Business Plan Competition[[#_edn1|'Alpha Kappa Psi''[i]''']]''' is an ELI Institute co-sponsored business plan competition for Howard University students. The top 4 winners receive cash prizes. First place winner(s) receive $10,000, Second place winner(s) receive $6,500, Third place winner(s) receive $3,000, and lastly an Award for Special Presentation of $500*'''Concept 120[[#_edn2|'''[ii]''']]''' is a business plan contest held each semester that emphasizes the elevator pitch. Students develop their ideas and sales pitch as if they were in front of a potential investor or business client – the bulk of the contest depends on the contestants’ ability to sell an idea*'''The StartUp Scramble DC University Challenge[[#_edn3|'''[iii]''']]''' brings entrepreneurially-minded college students from DC universities together for a weekend-long event to build and launch sustainable ventures that address social issues affecting local communities*ELI Institute offers an array of academic programs for the students[[#_edn4|[iv]]]<ul style="list-style-type:circle;"><li>Undergraduate non-business majors can elect to minor in entrepreneurship.</li><li>Graduate students can elect to concentrate in entrepreneurship.</li><li>All students are able to gain a certificate in entrepreneurship</li></ulu>

In addition to current students<span style="color: rgb(51, ELI Institute contributes to the entrepreneurial success of many Howard University alums including Ike C. Nwaneri51, 51); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, Arial, one of sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">AKΨ is the two world's first and largest co-founders of KEADWORKS LLC[[#_edn5|[v]]] ed professional business fraternity. Founded in 1904, AKΨ focuses its activities on professional development, brotherhood and KOJAMI Inc[[#_edn6|[vi]]]this year specifically they focus on Innovation as seen by their innovation challenge event this semester.</span>

*Keadworks is a creative marketing and technology agency in the Washington DC Metro Area which has launched successful campaigns for various industry clients*Kojami Inc. is a company spawned out of Keadworks LLC to provide the following electronic services:<ul style="list-style-type:circle;"><li>It is an events platform that has been widely adopted by event organizers, businesses Encouraging Faculty Innovation and organizations especially in the Washington metro regionEntrepreneurship<br/li><li>The platform allows both individual and corporate event organizers to create an event in 3 minutes or less and easily manage and track multiple elements of the event in one simple dashboard</li><li>Scheduled events can then be easily propagated through mobile phones as a mobile application—recipients of the mobile event can also interact and SHOVE (share) the mobile event</li><li>Recipients can also complete a one-touch GPS navigation search, view and join conversations of each event in real-time, purchase and receive mobile tickets and most importantly stay connected to the category of events desired</li></ul>=

Kojami in many ways is re== Faculty Contributions -inventing the way people use mobile devices to create, manage, interact or share (SHOVE) events.Courses and Centers ==

*Fashion Entrepreneurship&nbsp;*International Entrepreneurship*Entrepreneurship (General, open to all majors)*Special Topics: Entrepreneurship (Mass Communications and Media Studies)*Lean Launch Pad course: This course offers teaches students the key steps to build a start up. The main idea of the course is teaching students to rapidly develop and test ideas by gathering massive amounts of customer and marketplace feedback. The student must then find prober solucitons to thier problems and and establish suitable business models.*Mobile App Developement- Teaches students the basics in app developement so that they can make their own app.

The ELI Institute also specializes In December 2003, Howard University was one of eight institutions selected by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation in faculty training, and serves which enhance their role a nationwide competition to receive a multi-million dollar grant as repository for a wide range part of internal its Kauffman Campuses Initiative to develop an entrepreneurial climate across campus.&nbsp;The program seeks to transform the way entrepreneurship is taught and external research. Additionallyexperienced so that any student, ELI Institute’s Lecture Seriesregardless of their field of study, Annual Conference on Entrepreneurship, and Fund for Academic Excellence spearheads innovation in teaching entrepreneurship, and documenting trendswill have the opportunity to participate.&nbsp;

With matching support from Howard University and other partners,&nbsp;the Entrepreneurship, Leadership and Innovation Institute (ELI)&nbsp;was created and has worked diligently&nbsp; to enhance existing programs and establish new ones in four major focus areas:&nbsp;academic programs; research; business and community development; and entrepreneurial thought.&nbsp;<br/><br/>'''ELI InstituteMission:''' features two dedicated research directions &nbsp; To provide the skills, tools and orientation required for entrepreneurial development and success in the African American and minority communities with particular emphasis upon the provision of educational opportunities for faculty[[#_edn7|[vii]]]:all of our stakeholders.

&nbsp; #'''Black Entrepreneurship and Business Development'''—Designed to explore African= Facilitating Univertsity-American, Caribbean, and African entrepreneurial models and approaches; andIndustry Collaboration =#'''African-American/Urban Demographics'''—Identifies key trends in the community’s purchasing power and habits that shape this trillion-dollar market<ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1. As well as explore ways for African-American business to derive value from these trends&nbsp6em; &nbsppadding: 0px; The ELI Center for Research provides a national forum for learning about Africanline-American entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial venturesheight: 20.&nbsp15999984741211px; The Center for Research willcolor: *Provide fellowships for facultyrgb(68, students68, and other scholars to engage in fundamental and practical research on entrepreneurship as it relates to the African68); font-American community (through fellowships and grants)*Publish a research journal, case studiesfamily: Arial, and white papers*Host an annual symposium and conduct several conferences on critical research topics*Create a clearinghouse for valuable data and information about Africansans-American entrepreneurs, market opportunities, and business development trends*HBCU Faculty Conference on Entrepreneurship will advise Howard University faculty and their HBCU colleagues on methods to introduce concepts of entrepreneurship into their courses, while also assuming leadership roles in infusing such thinking into the broader curriculum on their campuses &nbspserif; In addition to the ELI Center, '''''The Research Administration Services[[#_edn8|'''[viii]''']]''''' facilitates and administers interdisciplinary research capacity growth and indirect cost recovery at Howard University. This includes integrated education and research strategies, professional development, and internal controls of sponsored activities &nbspfont-size: 14px;"> '''''<uli>University Technology Transfer Functions</u>''''' &nbsp; '''The Intellectual Property Center[[#_edn9|'''[ix]''']] '''is the central technology transfer resource for Howard University researchersspan style="color: rgb(51, inventors and investors. While '''Howard University Trademarks''' works to promote51, enhance and elevate the image of Howard University by authorizing the use of the university's name and logos on merchandise51); font-family: tahoma, Howard University requires that all individualsArial, organizationsHelvetica, departments and companies sans-both internal and external serif; font- obtain prior approval before using any Howard indicia. size: 11px;">&nbsp;Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation</span></li></ul>Notable inventions from research conducted at Howard University include[[#_edn10|[x]]]: *'''Nanotechnology - Industrial Lubricants'''<ul style="margin: Metal Forming Fluids with Dispersed Nanoparticles for Improved Lubrication, by Mosleh, Mohsen, Ph0.D3em 0px 0px 1. et al*'''Electrical Engineering, Lighting Systems, LED Array Control'''6em; padding: Localized Distributed Control Method of LED Lighting Array and its Fixture, by Kim, Charles, Ph.D.*'''Chemical Engineering, Clean Coal, Coal'''0px; line-height: Process for Removal of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Coal, by Aluko, Mobolaji, Ph.D., et20. Al &nbsp15999984741211px; Additionallycolor: rgb(68, the Intellectual Property Center manages research outputs from several Howard University Institutions68, these include: *The Howard Nanoscale Science and Engineering Facility (HNF68); and The Howard University Cancer Center*The Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease; and Center for Energy Systems and Controls (CESaC)*The NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences (NCAS)font-family: Arial, sans-serif; and The Center for Drug Abuse Research (CDAR)*The Institute for Multimedia Applications (IMA); and The Collaborative Alcohol Research Center (CARC)*The Capstone Institute; and The Center for Prefont-Professional Education*The Center for Urban Progress (CUP)size: 14px; and The Howard University District of Columbia Small Business Development Center (DCSBDC)*The National Minority AIDS Education and Training Center (NMAETC); and The Howard University Research Administration &nbsp; '''''<u">University-Industry Collaboration</u>''''' &nbsp; Howard University is an educational outreach partner of '''the Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center'''.[[#_edn11|'''''<bli>[xi]</b>''''']] The Center develops new technologies and applications that will change the way society uses lighting. Beyond illuminationspan style="color: rgb(51, '''''Smart Lighting Systems''''' will simultaneously provide high speed data access and scan for biological and biochemical hazards. *More than 40 faculty members from multiple institutions with diverse backgrounds and disciplines work together in teams on the Center’s research programs*Constant contact with industrial and scientific advisory boards ensures projects are relevant51, and work output is benchmarked to insure they are cutting edge &nbsp; Howard University has also partnered with '''''the Center for Applied High Performance Computing''''' (CAHPC51)[[#_edn12|[xii]]] on a project that applies data fusion to make supercomputing applications easy to use. &nbsp; Howard University is also a participating member of '''the Power Systems Engineering Research Center''' (PSERC),[[#_edn13|[xiii]]] a universityfont-industry collaboration focusing on research and education needs in the electric power industry. *The Industrial Advisory Board (IAB)family: tahoma, composed of PSERC industry membersArial, meets twice per year with PSERC researchers and students to conduct Center businessHelvetica, and engage in discussions about the Center’s research and education activities &nbspsans-serif; '''The Georgetownfont-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science''' (GHUCCTS) is a private industry-backed cooperative between the two universities. '''''Bridgeline Digital, Inc'''''., developer of the awardsize: 11px; line-winning iAPPS web experience management (WEM) platform and interactive technology solutions, launched a new comprehensive website developed to support medical research collaboration between Georgetown and Howard Universities: [http://www.georgetownhowardctsa.org/ httpheight://www.georgetownhowardctsa.org/]1. GHUCCTS seeks to advance public health by performing research that has positive impact on human health and well-being. &nbsp4; '''''">Kauffman Campuses Initiative<u/span>Regional and Local Economic Development</uli>''''' &nbsp; '''The Georgia Avenue, Development, Growth, and Enterprise Transformation Center''' <li><span style="color: rgb(GADGET Center)[[#_edn14|[xiv]]] at '''''Howard University School of Business''''' is located on Georgia Avenue51, and staffed by graduate students and counselors from the '''''DC SBDC at Howard University'''''. GADGET provides free consulting services to local businesses and will focus on growth and development of the commercial district adjacent to Howard University. More broadly51, '''the District of Columbia Small Business Development Center Network''' (DC SBDC), an outreach program of Howard University, has joined forces with the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA51), other District of Columbia universities, and community organizations. This collaborative provides free management, technical assistance, and affordable training in all phases of business development to small businesses based in the District of Columbia[[#_edn15|[xv]]]. &nbsp; DC SBDC provides confidential, onefont-on-one management assistance at no cost to DC-based small businesses and aspiring entrepreneurs. Business consulting services include but are not limited to cash flow analysis, financial forecasting, market research, procurement assistancefamily: tahoma, proposal cost analysisArial, overall business assessment "the business health checkupHelvetica," startup feasibility analysis, business plan assessments, strategic planning and business startsans-up information. &nbspserif; In addition to the above mentioned initiatives, Howard University also confers a '''Minor in Community Development[[#_edn16|'''[xvi]''']]''' which is an interdisciplinary program intended to provide students with the knowledge, tools, and practical experience to play a proactive role in community revitalization in cities throughout the world. &nbspfont-size: 11px; Howard University also plays an integral role in neighborhood revitalization initiatives. As an example, it partnered with the Washington, D.C., government, Fannie Mae, and other corporations to transform 45 abandoned, universityline-owned properties in a crime-ridden neighborhood into more than 300 housing units and $65 million in commercial development[[#_edn17|[xvii]]]height: 1. &nbsp4; Additionally, in 2010[[#_edn18|[xviii]]] Howard University had a workforce totaling 6,934 full—and part—time employees (excluding students) of which approximately 28 percent (based on payroll disbursements) resided in the District of Columbia representing an annual payroll of $103.8 million. Howard University also made an estimated $94.5 million in non">Google In-payroll expenditures for goods and services to vendors and contractors located within the District. As previously indicated, Howard University undertakes capital projects that employ DC-based contractors and workers who reside in the City. Combined, payroll and non-payroll in 2010 within the District of Columbia totaled $198.3 million. &nbsp; '''''Residence<u/span>Deep-Dive Questions</uli>''''' *Is innovation an integral part of Howard’s institutional culture?*Why is it important? And how does it influence entrepreneurship and tech transfer?*How do you envision your program in the future?*What is your vision for each of the case study’s bucket<li><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, especially regional and local economic impact?*How does your institution leverage (or intend to leverage51) geographic endowment?*Are your innovation; font-family: tahoma, Arial, entrepreneurshipHelvetica, and tech transfer programs integrated?<ul style="listsans-serif; font-stylesize: 11px; line-typeheight:circle1.4;">Yahoo-Computer Lab<li/span>Why, or why not?</li>

*Are there any unique successes (= Engaging with Regional and or challenges) you may wish to highlight? &nbsp; '''''<u>ConclusionLocal Development Efforts<br/u>''''' Howard University continues to outperform many HBCU universities in several critical categories and recognition. It is, for example, the only HBCU University classified as a RU/H: Research Universities (high research activity) by Carnegie’s Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.=

Howard University also appears to leverage its Innovate Washingtonis an energetic, nimble, D.Cand cohesive approach to economic development. location to attract A true public and private funding. Howard is hybrid, they accelerate technology-based innovation through a private university which also enjoys partial funding by the Uhighly collaborative ecosystem that brings together entrepreneurs, large companies, state government, investors, and industry leaders.S. Department of Education to In this environment, they create custom development plans for identified&nbsp;technology sectors, help promising companies receive the tune of $235 million annually. The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundationgrowth&nbsp;capital&nbsp;they need, and support entrepreneurs through its Kauffman Campuses Initiative, is also a major funder an array of several Howard University entrepreneurship focused tools and innovation initiativesservices.

Howard University appears to be on the cusp of realizing its potential==== [http://www-03. However the University’s leadership must now make a commitment to institute and promote cohesive ibm.com/services/innovation and entrepreneurship programs, and institutional culture. And there is reason /dc/ <u>Centers for optimismIBM e-business Innovation&nbsp; The Dean of Howard University School of Business:: Washington, Barron H. Harvey, Ph.D., is a member of the National Advisory Council on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (NACIE). Dr. Harvey is also a tireless advocate for the innovation, entrepreneurship, and commercialization programs at Howard.DC</u>] ====

The IBM Centers for Solution Innovation&nbsp;:: Washington, DC is a design and development center focusing on innovative solutions for IBM clients. Part of the network of global Innovation Centers within IBM Global Services, our collaborative model integrates IBM's diverse capabilities to deliver world-class solutions.

Comments The Washington DC Center serves the Public Sector by Dr. Harvey applying commercial and his colleagues have been instructive government best practices in better understanding Howard’s various innovative entrepreneurshipthe areas of usability, accessibility, research and technology transfer programsrapid application delivery. The DC Center team combines user experience design, information architecture, as well as understanding usability, accessibility, e-business strategy, digital branding, project management and technical excellence to enable our Public Sector and commercial clients to surpass the impact expectations of the NACIE commitment letter in framing Howard’s strategic plans customers and institutional cultureconstituents.

The Office of Innovation and Entrepreneurship welcomes Howard University’s assistance with this case study, and looks forward to a continued close and collaborative relationship in building America’s innovation infrastructure.<div><br/>----<div id{{#widget:Google Spreadsheet|key=0AkQzoEwGuSQDdFZDUFllOFBoQjJlSW4zZFNGREo4NWc|width="ftn1">[[#_ftnref11300|[1]]] Comments by:height=700}}

John Gloster, J.D., Senior Associate General Counsel, Howard University</div></div><div><br/>----<div id="edn1">[[#_ednref1|[i]]] Business Plan Competition: [http://www.theeliinstitute.org/business-plan-a-case-competitions/business-plan-competition http://www.theeliinstitute.org/business-plan-a-case-competitions/business-plan-competition]</div><div id="edn2">[[#_ednref2|[ii]]] Concept 120: [http://www.theeliinstitute.org/business-plan-a-case-competitions http://www.theeliinstitute.org/business-plan-a-case-competitions]</div><div id="edn3">[[#_ednref3|[iii]]] StartUp: [http://www.theeliinstitute.org/business-plan-a-case-competitions http://www.theeliinstitute.org/business-plan-a-case-competitions]</div><div id="edn4">[[#_ednref4|[iv]]] ELI Academic Programs: [http://www.theeliinstitute.org/courses-in-entrepreneurship http://www.theeliinstitute.org/courses-in-entrepreneurship]</div><div id="edn5">[[#_ednref5|[v]]] KEADWORKS LLC: [http://www.keadworks.com/ http://www.keadworks.com/]</div><div id="edn6">[[#_ednref6|[vi]]] KOJAMI: [http://www.kojami.com/ http://www.kojami.com/]</div><div id="edn7">[[#_ednref7|[vii]]] Two-Track Research: [http://www.theeliinstituteuniversityinnovation.org/research http://www.theeliinstitute.orgwiki/research]</div><div id="edn8">[[#_ednref8|[viii]]] The Research Administration ServicesUser: SarahJones [http://www.howard.edu/research/index.html http://www.howard.edu/research/index.html]</div><div id="edn9">[[#_ednref9|[ix]]] Intellectual Property Center: [http://ip.howard.edu/ http://ip.howard.edu/]</div><div id="edn10">[[#_ednref10|[x]]Sarah Jones] Current Inventions: [http://ip.howard.edu/current_inventions.html http://ip.howard.edu/current_inventions.html]</div><div id="edn11">[[#_ednref11|[xi]]] Smart Lighting: [http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/resources/PDFs/SmartLightingERC_Brochure_Web.pdf http://smartlighting.rpi.edu/resources/PDFs/SmartLightingERC_Brochure_Web.pdf]</div><div id="edn12">[[#_ednref12|[xii]]] CAHPC: [http://www.quateams.com/aboutUs_news05_25.html http://www.quateams.com/aboutUs_news05_25.html]</div><div id="edn13">[[#_ednref13|[xiii]]] PSERC: [http://www.howard.edu/calendar/main.php?calendarid=default&view=event&eventid=1196799067703&timebegin=2007-12-06+00%3A00%3A00 http://www.howard.edu/calendar/main.php?calendarid=default&view=event&eventid=1196799067703&timebegin=2007-12-06+00%3A00%3A00]</div><div id="edn14">[[#_ednref14|[xiv]]] GADGET Center: [http://www.bschool.howard.edu/deansmessage.htm http://www.bschool.howard.edu/deansmessage.htm]</div><div id="edn15">[[#_ednref15|[xv]]] DC SBDC: [http://www.dcsbdc.org/DocumentMaster.aspx?doc=1001 http://www.dcsbdc.org/DocumentMaster.aspx?doc=1001]</div><div id="edn16">[[#_ednref16|[xvi]]] Minor in Community Development: [http://www.coas.howard.edu/hucup/commdevleadership.html http://www.coas.howard.edu/hucup/commdevleadership.html]</div><div id="edn17">[[#_ednref17|[xvii]]] College & Universities: [http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ff0710s.pdf http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ff0710s.pdf]</div><div id="edn18">[[#_ednref18|[xviii]]] The Importance of Howard: [http://cra.gmu.edu/pdfs/researach_reports/recent_reports/Economic_Impacts_of_Howard_University.pdf http://cra.gmu.edu/pdfs/researach_reports/recent_reports/Economic_Impacts_of_Howard_University.pdf]

<br/>Source[[Category: "The Innovative and Entrepreneurial UniversityUniversities]][[Category:Schools]][[Category: Higher Education, Innovation & Entrepreneurship in Focus", Department of Commerce, October 2013.Howard_University]]</div></div>{{CatTree|Howard_University}}